‘Woodstock for capitalists’ has just taken place in Omaha, Nebraska. It’s more prosaically known as the annual shareholder meeting of Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.B:NYSE), Warren Buffett’s investment company.

Buffett is the world’s most famous investor, but he is just as well known for his folksy snippets of wisdom as he is for his investment prowess.

His teachings are a bit of a treasure trove for private investors, though some of his maxims are somewhat enigmatic and need interpretation, not least because sometimes Buffett doesn’t seem to follow them himself.

Here’s a selection of some of his better-known quips, and what concrete tips investors can take from them.

1. Be long term with your investments

Buffett says: ‘Our favourite holding period is forever.’

One of Buffett’s most often quoted proverbs is that his favourite holding period is forever.

The idea that when you buy stocks or funds you should do so with the intention of never letting them go is a good one, not least because short termism can lead to investment losses and excessive trading fees.

However, not even Buffett can claim to adhere to this maxim totally, as he has sold plenty of stocks in his lengthy and illustrious career.

Private investors should also be willing to sell investments if they believe their best days are behind them. Perhaps the words of the economist John Maynard Keynes may also be useful qualifiers here: ‘When the facts change, I change my mind.’

2. Choose high conviction active funds

Buffett says: ‘Diversification is protection against ignorance.’

This is a somewhat extreme position expressed by Buffett, and one he doesn’t actually follow himself, seeing as Berkshire Hathaway runs a diverse, if compact, portfolio of business and stocks.

Diversification should be a high priority for private investors, but there comes a point when it stops being diversification and veers into being ‘diworsification’. This is when someone adds assets to a portfolio simply for the sake of diversification without considering if they will benefit the overall investment strategy.

Another example of this term is closet tracker funds, which largely hug the index but charge active fees for doing so, leading to long-term underperformance. Investors holding such closet trackers should consider switching to low-cost tracker funds or high conviction active funds.

3. Use tracker funds

Buffett says: ‘Both large and small investors should stick with low-cost index funds.’

This is a bit of a puzzling statement coming from a man who runs a highly active portfolio on behalf of investors, with great success.

Nonetheless, there is sense in some investors sticking with tracker funds, especially those with little experience, or those who simply don’t want to spend time picking good active managers.

Buffett acknowledges a place for active managers too though, saying in almost the same breath, ‘there are, of course, some skilled individuals who are highly likely to outperform the S&P over long stretches’.

Investors don’t have to choose exclusively between active and passive funds, they can mix or match, or indeed switch from one strategy to the other as they gain experience or branch out into new markets.

4. Relish your dividends

Buffett says: ‘We relish the dividends we receive from most of the stocks that Berkshire owns, but pay out nothing ourselves.’

Investors ignore dividends at their peril. They are an important function of long-term returns from the stock market, especially in the UK, which is home to many high yielding companies.

Berkshire Hathaway doesn’t pay any dividends, on the basis Buffett thinks he can always find a good home for that money to produce future growth and income. Private investors can take the same approach by rolling up the dividends from their portfolio, either reinvesting them in the same stocks, or reallocating them to other investments.

5. Don’t invest in what you don’t understand

Buffett says: ‘Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.’

This is an important piece of advice which can prevent you losing money and feeling a nasty sense of buyer’s remorse to boot.

If you don’t understand something, then you shouldn’t invest in it. At the same time, it’s important to recognise that no-one has every single bit of information available about prospective investments, so a balance has to be struck in which investors gather enough information to know the conditions under which their investment is likely to perform well and poorly.

Everyone makes mistakes, even professional money managers, so simply learn from these for next time and you will become a better investor.

6. Avoid cryptocurrencies

Buffett says: Cryptocurrencies are ‘probably rat poison squared’… ‘I can say almost with certainty they will come to a bad ending.’

Don’t expect to see bitcoin in Berkshire Hathaway’s portfolio any time soon, and if you rate the advice of Warren Buffett, you best steer clear yourself.

Crypto has gone through a bit of a rough patch in recent years, though 2023 has been kind to it so far.

There may well come another time when crypto soars in value and investors get tempted to buy in. But crypto has few, if any, genuine economic uses apart from concealing criminal activity, and its long-term adoption by consumers, businesses and investors as a medium of exchange or a store of value is highly speculative.

Those who want to take a punt on its future should do so only with a small amount of money they can afford to lose.

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