Parents are now financially involved in half of all property purchases for those under the age of 35, according to the latest estimates from Legal and General. This shows the importance of the Bank of Mum and Dad to the housing market.

Estate agent Savills estimates that as of last year just shy of £10 billion has been handed over by parents to help their children get on the property ladder, a significant increase from the £5 billion recorded in 2020. House prices rising means a greater number of parents are handing over more cash.

However, this financial support varies in form: for some parents it’s a gift, while others are providing a loan that must be repaid over time or when the property is sold. But generous parents helping their offspring need to consider numerous factors before they gift money.

Should I gift the money or loan it?

Partly this comes down to what you can afford – some parents might be able to spare the money and others might need it back later, such as for their retirement. Even if you can just loan the money, it will be a big help to your children, as it boosts their deposit level and so either increases their house purchase limit or reduces the amount they need to borrow – saving them money over the long term.

However, if you are loaning the money the mortgage company will take this into account when assessing your child’s affordability.

If they are repaying the loan each month that will eat into how much they can afford to pay out for a mortgage. It might not be a deal breaker or affect how much they can borrow if they have sufficient disposable income, but it’s a factor to consider (and check with your mortgage broker).

Lots of parents will gift the money informally, but it might be a good idea to draw up a legal agreement that you both sign with the terms of the loan. Particularly if the next question is relevant to you…

How do I stop my child’s partner taking the cash?

Lots of people buy their first home with a partner or friend, as getting on the property ladder solo is a tall order. However, if you’re gifting money for the purchase, how do you make sure their partner doesn’t ultimately get the money? What happens with that gift when the house is sold, or if they break up?

It depends how the finances are split. If both parties are putting in the same amount for a deposit (including the parents’ gift) then it’s an easy split, but if the balance isn’t 50:50 you might need to draw up an agreement.

Legal advice is essential here. You can draw up an agreement that shows who owns what proportion of the property should they break up.

You’ll also want to consider whether your child and their partner are buying as tenants in common or on a joint tenancy basis. As tenants in common should one person die their share of the house will pass to their beneficiaries – which could ensure that the gift you’ve made doesn’t go to the partner. It also allows for different shares of the property to be owned by each person. Joint tenants own an equal share and if one dies their share automatically goes to the other person.

Are there tax implications of gifting money?

You don’t need to worry about any immediate tax implications of gifting money to your child, but you do need to be aware of the seven-year rule – where tax will be due if you die within seven years of making the gift.

It is only a factor if your estate is large enough to pay inheritance tax, but if it is then you need to bear in mind that inheritance tax will be due, on a sliding scale, if you die within seven years.

I can’t afford to gift money; is there any other way I can help?

Lots of parents won’t be able to hand over tens of thousands of pounds in cash, particularly if they have multiple children and want to treat them equally. But there are other ways to help.

Buying the property as a joint owner with your child can be tricky if you already own a home, as it means the property would be counted as a second home and you would be liable to pay the stamp duty surcharge, which is an extra 3%.

As stamp duty is money you need to have in cash, rather than something you can add to the mortgage, it means this help is often not financially viable.

But you can be on the mortgage with your child without owning the property. This is called a ‘joint borrower, sole proprietor’ mortgage, and effectively means you’re lending your spending power to your child, so they are approved to borrow more money (and therefore buy a higher value property).

You’ll often pay a higher interest rate for this type of mortgage as it’s a more niche product. But that shouldn’t put you off, just find a good mortgage broker who can help source the best deal.

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